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Of Weather Control Or Modification Patents (Class 239/2.1)
Snowmaking (Class 239/2.2)
Aeronautical car and associated
features
Patent number: 10787256
Abstract: An aeronautical car comprises a ground-travel system
including at least one traction device, an air-travel system
including at least one flight mechanism configured to be selectively
moved between a first position when the aeronautical car is in a
driving mode and a second position when the aeronautical car is in a
flying mode, and a weather manipulation device. The weather
manipulation device may be configured to manipulate at least one
aspect of a weather condition while the aeronautical car is in the
air.
Type: Grant
Filed: January 26, 2017
Date of Patent: September 29, 2020
Assignee: LTA Corporation
Inventor: John Goelet
Aircraft electrically-assisted propulsion control system
Patent number: 10435165
Abstract: This invention concerns an aircraft propulsion system in
which an engine has an engine core comprising a compressor, a
combustor and a turbine driven by a flow of combustion products of
the combustor. At least one propulsive fan generates a mass flow of
air to propel the aircraft. An electrical energy store is provided
on board the aircraft. At least one electric motor is arranged to
drive the propulsive fan and the engine core compressor. A
controller controls the at least one electric motor to mitigate the
creation of a contrail caused by the engine combustion products by
altering the ratio of the mass flow of air by the propulsive fan to
the flow of combustion products of the combustor. The at least one
electric motor is controlled so as to selectively drive both the
propulsive fan and engine core compressor.
Type: Grant
Filed: December 19, 2017
Date of Patent: October 8, 2019
Assignee: ROLLS-ROYCE PLC
Inventors: Peter Swann, Paul Fletcher, Alvise Pellegrini, Ashog
Kulathasan
Systems and methods of inducing rainfall
Patent number: 10314249
Abstract: A system for use in inducing rainfall is provided. The
system includes an aircraft configured to travel through an ambient
environment at a first temperature, and a precipitation system
coupled to the aircraft. The precipitation system is configured to
form a particle from a substance in the ambient environment, and is
configured to discharge the particle at a second temperature lower
than the first temperature such that moisture in the air condenses
on the particle.
Type: Grant
Filed: December 10, 2014
Date of Patent: June 11, 2019
Assignee: The Boeing Company
Inventor: Donald F. Wilkins
Fog-generating device comprising a reagent and ignition means
Patent number: 10189753
Abstract: The present invention relates to a fog-generating device
comprising a reagent (1), ignition means (2), a reservoir (3)
containing a fog-generating material (4), and a heat exchanger
wherein gas generated by ignition of the reagent (1) drives
fog-generating material from said reservoir to said heat exchanger.
Further it relates to a removable housing for a fog-generating
device comprising a reagent and a reservoir containing a
fog-generating material, wherein in that said removable housing
further comprises means to allow transmission of an ignition signal
from said fog-generating device to said reagent. The invention
further provides the use of said device and/or removable housing for
the generation of fog, in particular to protect against intruders
and physical treat by persons. In a particular embodiment, the
fog-generating device of the present invention or the removable
housing therefore comprises depressurizing means (18).
Type: Grant
Filed: December 30, 2013
Date of Patent: January 29, 2019
Assignee: Bandit NV
Inventor: Alfons Vandoninck
Warm cloud catalyst, preparation method therefor and application
thereof
Patent number: 10165737
Abstract: Disclosed are a warm cloud catalyst, a preparation method
and an application thereof. The warm cloud catalyst comprises the
following components in parts by weight: plant powder/plant
ash/plant carbon powder 80-120 parts; surfactant dry powder 0.5-5
parts or a surfactant solution 15-32 parts; and a thickening agent
2-10 parts. All the components of the catalyst are easily wettable.
The plant powder/plant ash/plant carbon powder is used as a
dispersing agent and a vapor condensation nucleus; the surfactant
can reduce surface tension of some cloud droplets and facilitate
combination of the cloud droplets with other cloud droplets upon
collision, so as to expand the cloud droplet spectrum; the
thickening agent can absorb water and continuously expand to become
large droplets in cloud. The catalyst is non-corrosive, is not
easily agglomerated, is easy to store, produce and process, and is
safe and nontoxic, available in material, and convenient and simple
in use.
Type: Grant
Filed: September 30, 2015
Date of Patent: January 1, 2019
Inventor: Yougui Yan
Systems and methods for tracing air
Patent number: 9851275
Abstract: Aspects of the invention are directed to a system
including a tracer delivery device and a detector. The tracer
delivery device is operative to emit a tracer including at least one
of a terpene and a terpene alcohol into air. The detector is
operative to detect the tracer in the air. In one or more
embodiments, the tracer may include limonene mixed with isopropyl
alcohol (LIPA). The corresponding detector may consist of a
photoionization detector. The use of LIPA results in no emissions of
global warming or environmentally dangerous chemicals, and the LIPA
may be measured by photoionization with high sensitivity and in
almost real time.
Type: Grant
Filed: March 18, 2016
Date of Patent: December 26, 2017
Inventor: Clifford A. Cooper
Apparatus and system for smart seeding within cloud formations
Patent number: 9715039
Abstract: This invention consists of a unique apparatus and system
consisting of devices, materials and methods specially engineered to
perform high precision and smart cloud seeding by the dispersion of
micro and nanoparticles of sodium chloride and similar chemistry
compounds at specific locations with the purpose of rain induction
and related applications. A safe and precise unmanned aerial vehicle
UAV device instrumented with portable thermometer, hygrometer,
barometer, anemometer and 3D visual register will scrutinize these
internal cloud climate parameters. By means of these real time
measurements and communications, a meteorological ground operating
team is enabled to perform the data acquisition and processing from
the clouds. This device and system be enabled to select the
locations suitable for rain induction and perform on site accurate
particulate seeding dispersion from a device mounted on the same UAV
within the eligible clouds.
Type: Grant
Filed: April 13, 2015
Date of Patent: July 25, 2017
Inventors: Lorenzo Martinez Martínez De La Escalera, Jorge Joaquin
Canto Ibanez, Diego Martinez Martínez De La Escalera, Hernán Rivera
Ramos, Lorenzo Martinez Gomez
Aircraft engine fuel system
Patent number: 9650968
Abstract: This invention concerns a method of delivering fuel to an
aircraft engine 60, which involves providing a plurality of distinct
fuel sources 20, 22, a first fuel source 20 comprising a first fuel
having a first aromatic content and a second fuel source 22
comprising a second fuel having a second aromatic content. One or
more ambient atmospheric condition is determined for at least a
portion of a flight path of the aircraft, said condition being
indicative of a likelihood of contrail 135 formation by the engine
60. A desirous fuel composition for combustion by the engine is
determined based upon the one or more ambient atmospheric condition
and a ratio of the first and second fuels from said respective fuel
sources is selected according to said desirous fuel composition. The
selected ratio of the first and second fuels is delivered to the
aircraft engine 60.
Type: Grant
Filed: September 15, 2014
Date of Patent: May 16, 2017
Assignee: ROLLS-ROYCE plc
Inventor: Peter Swann
Methods and Apparatus for Destabilizing Tornadoes
Publication number: 20150090805
Abstract: Methods and apparatus for destabilizing and reducing the
strength and even destroying tornadoes are disclosed. Rather than
over-powering a tornado, tornado vulnerabilities in stability
maintenance are identified and turned against the tornado.
Embodiments include attacking tornado vulnerabilities chemically
without the use of explosives. Selected chemicals are introduced
into a tornado adjacent to the wall of the funnel, advantageously
above the height of entrained debris, to reduce the transmission of
local angular velocity of the funnel toward the earth and to attack
the local generation of energy from the tornado's air/water mixture.
Type: Application
Filed: April 9, 2013
Publication date: April 2, 2015
Inventor: Allen M. BISSELL
High altitude payload structures and related methods
Patent number: 8985477
Abstract: A system and method is described generally for providing a
high altitude structure including an elongated structure coupled to
the ground and extending skyward. The elongated structure at least
partially supported by buoyancy effects, the elongated structure
including at least one lumen, the at least one lumen configured to
transport at least one material and to vent the at least one
material to the atmosphere. The system and method also include a gas
having a density that is less dense than that of the atmosphere
outside of the elongated structure; the gas is disposed in one or
more voids of the elongated structure. The system and method
includes the use of an introducer configured to provide the gas into
the one or more voids. The system and method further include a
payload coupled to the elongated structure and being held aloft by
the elongated structure.
Type: Grant
Filed: April 18, 2007
Date of Patent: March 24, 2015
Inventors: Alistair K. Chan, Roderick A. Hyde, Nathan P. Myhrvold,
Clarence T. Tegreene, Lowell L. Wood, Jr.
AUTOMATED WIDE-RANGING ANTI-HAIL PROTECTION METHOD AND A NETWORK
Publication number: 20140353396
Abstract: The present invention relates to hail warning and
prevention. An automated method of wide-ranging anti-hail protection
including reception of sky proper radiothermal emission in M sites,
its comparison with corresponding thresholds, generation command
signals to detonate combustible gas and to direct shock waves
upwardly to the sky, generation and transmission alert signals,
reception of transmitted alert signals in each M sites, comparison
with proper code-signals of that site and setting alert operational
mode of sonic generator. An automated network of anti-hail
protection including M hail preventing sonic set in M sites of
anti-hail protection area any of which comprises an antenna, a
radiometric receiver, a controlled compensation device, a controlled
multi-channel threshold system, a warner a transmitter, a receiver,
a code-signal comparison device, a first controlling switcher, a
controlled single-channel thresholder and a second controlling
switcher.
Type: Application
Filed: July 9, 2012
Publication date: December 4, 2014
Inventor: Artashes Arakelyan
Device for reducing electromagnetic pollution
Patent number: 8887750
Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for reducing
electromagnetic pollution (1) which measures the electromagnetic
radiation amount in the environment, and enables to reduce radiation
when the radiation amount exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
Type: Grant
Filed: March 28, 2012
Date of Patent: November 18, 2014
Inventor: Cemre Agaoglu
TECHNIQUE TO MITIGATE STORMS USING ARRAYS OF WIND TURBINES
Publication number: 20140224894
Abstract: This invention describes a system whose operation can
change the track and intensity of atmospheric storms. The invention
uses arrays of wind turbines which are being built for power
generation. Using existing atmospheric and storm tracking models,
calculations of a storm track may be determined to establish a
baseline track calculation. The storm track may then be calculated
for a number of permutations where various groups or individual wind
turbines are curtailed (e.g., feathered). The optimal storm track
may be determined based on damage estimate calculations. Signals may
be sent to individual or groups of wind turbines to curtail the
turbines to alter the track of the tropical storm.
Type: Application
Filed: February 8, 2013
Publication date: August 14, 2014
Applicant: The United States Government, as represented by the
Secrelary of Commerce
Inventor: The United States Government, as represented by the
Secretary of Commerce
SYSTEM FOR FACILITATING CLOUD FORMATION AND CLOUD PRECIPITATION
Publication number: 20140145002
Abstract: A system for facilitating cloud formation and cloud
precipitation includes a controller and a beam emitter that is
responsive to the controller. The beam emitter is configured to emit
a beam to form charged particles within an atmospheric zone
containing water vapor. The charged particles enhance the formation
of cloud condensation nuclei such that water vapor condenses on the
cloud condensation nuclei forming cloud droplets. The system further
includes a sensor configured to detect a cloud status and output a
signal corresponding to the cloud status to the controller.
Type: Application
Filed: November 26, 2012
Publication date: May 29, 2014
Applicant: Elwha LLC
Inventors: Kenneth G. Caldeira, Alistair K. Chan, Roderick A. Hyde,
Jordin T. Kare, Nathan P. Myhrovld, Charles Whitmer, Lowell L. Wood,
JR.
Water alteration structure applications and methods
Patent number: 8685254
Abstract: A method is generally described which includes
environmental alteration. The method includes determining a
placement of at least one vessel capable of moving water to lower
depths in the water via wave induced downwelling. The method also
includes placing the at least one vessel in the determined
placement. Further, the method includes generating movement of the
water adjacent the surface of the water in response to the placing.
Type: Grant
Filed: January 3, 2008
Date of Patent: April 1, 2014
Inventors: Jeffrey A. Bowers, Kenneth G. Caldeira, Alistair K. Chan,
William H. Gates, III, Roderick A. Hyde, Muriel Y. Ishikawa, Jordin
T. Kare, John Latham, Nathan P. Myhrvold, Stephen H. Salter,
Clarence T. Tegreene, Willard H. Wattenburg, Lowell L. Wood, Jr.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ACCELERATING DISSIPATION OF A LANDFALLING
TROPICAL CYCLONE
Publication number: 20140048613
Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and system for accelerated
dissipation of a tropical cyclone and/or a hurricane specifically as
it makes a landfall in order that its strength and access to further
geography are significantly reduced in an irreversible manner. A
storage tank and pipeline-based system for forcefully dispensing
large amounts of cool dry air into the landfalling cyclone and/or
hurricane system is the key embodiment proposed herein by which
large scale dilution of the cyclone/hurricane fuel (vapor) is
achieved. Other embodiments suggest augmenting this system with dry
air drawn from adjoining arid or desert territories, and
introduction of seeding materials or cloud condensation nuclei.
Type: Application
Filed: August 5, 2013
Publication date: February 20, 2014
Inventor: DHANANJAY MARDHEKAR
METHOD TO INFLUENCE THE DIRECTION OF TRAVEL OF HURRICANES
Publication number: 20130175352
Abstract: In like manner that winds intersect and deflect each other
in space we can intersect and deflect the hurricanes and storms at
the area of thrusting between their steering winds and their outer
edge, with blasting explosion waves of non-nuclear high-power
propellant fuel missiles thrown in vertical perpendicular alignment,
against the routing of the steering wind current at N equal number
of levels, first for testing a 300 pounds missile thrown, by
adequately equipped air-vehicles for missiles launching, to observe
the effect on the hurricane configuration, then decide to adjust the
explosive quantity to thrust successfully, all blasts of each round
of missiles should be detonated in a timely manner, then continue
the rounds of explosives at intervals approximately similar to the
time required by the prior blast to travel twice the diameter of its
explosion, repeating as necessary, hitting always at the thrusting
area until achieving success.
Type: Application
Filed: January 7, 2012
Publication date: July 11, 2013
Inventor: Edwin Allen BURNS
Apparatus for producing a mass of water vapor, apparatus for
producing, moving and climbing a mass of water vapor, and method of
causing artificial stimulation of rain
Patent number: 8439278
Abstract: An apparatus for producing a mass of water vapor includes
a water film maker and a device which prevents the water film maker
from drifting. The water film maker floats on a surface of a water
source and absorbs water of the water source by virtue of a
capillary mechanism or a moisture-holding ability to make a thin
water film on a surface of the water film maker. The thin water film
is exposed to sunlight. The water film maker comprises a first
hollow body capable of being filled with air, and a sheet having
said capillary mechanism or having said moisture-holding ability,
said sheet covering said first hollow body. Water in the thin water
film is vaporized by sunlight energy to thereby produce a mass of
water vapor in the sky.
Type: Grant
Filed: March 11, 2009
Date of Patent: May 14, 2013
Inventor: Hideyo Murakami
PROCESSES AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING THE INTENSITY OF TROPICAL
CYCLONES
Publication number: 20130043322
Abstract: A procedure for moderating the intensity of a hurricane in
regions of the seas that are host to the oil and gas industries is
described, using the Gulf of Mexico as an example of such a region,
and snow-making machines as the instruments for carrying out the
procedure. These machines are carried on moving platforms that
follow the hurricane and on fixed platforms that are located in the
path of the hurricane. In the described procedure snow-making
machines are installed on fixed platforms throughout the region, and
only those machines that are in the path of an approaching hurricane
are turned on, while the snow-making machines on the moving
platform(s) are operating continually.
Type: Application
Filed: October 22, 2012
Publication date: February 21, 2013
Inventor: Alfred Rosen
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INHIBITING THE FORMATION OF TROPICAL
CYCLONES
Publication number: 20130038063
Abstract: An apparatus for inhibiting the formation of tropical
cyclones, comprising an elongated rigid tube through which cooler
water is pumped from below to the near-ocean surface, thereby
depriving incipient tropical cyclones of the heat energy they
require for further development. The tube contains a pump comprising
a fixed flap valve and a movable flap valve. The movable flap valve
is attached to a drive disk encircling the tube at a depth where
ambient waters have little vertical motion. The wave-driven vertical
motion of the elongated tube causes the movable flap valve to
oscillate with respect to the fixed flap valve, thereby pumping
seawater upward onto the near-ocean surface. The apparatus also can
navigate to alternative locations by means of a propulsion/steering
system, and it can submerge to a safe depth to avoid oncoming
vessels and potentially damaging seas. A fleet of apparatuses is
required to provide the necessary cooling effect.
Type: Application
Filed: August 13, 2012
Publication date: February 14, 2013
Inventor: Jack Joseph Tawil
ARTIFICIAL FREEZING APPARATUS AND FREEZING METHOD THEREFOR
Publication number: 20120267444
Abstract: The present invention relates to an artificial freezing
apparatus and a freezing method therefor. The present invention
includes a supporter for vertically moving a water ice maker over
and under the surface of water; and the water ice maker for
producing an ice while being vertically moved by the supporter and
to fall down thus-produced ice into the surface of water. In
accordance with the present invention as described above, the
present invention can separate some from the water and expose it to
the atmosphere to naturally freeze the separated water and return
thus-produced ice to the surface of water to thereby accelerate the
freezing process on the surface and thus make some ice on the
surface when it is difficult to ice, and creating various additional
effects such as preventing global warming, preserving ecosystems and
the like.
Type: Application
Filed: December 22, 2010
Publication date: October 25, 2012
Inventor: Hi-Ryong Byun
Method for decreasing the intensity and frequency of tropical
storms or hurricanes
Patent number: 8262314
Abstract: Modification of tropical storms or hurricanes by mixing
the upper layer of a section of a body of water with water from a
lower section of the body of water. Rapidly mixing the warmer upper
layer with the cooler lower layer cools the surface of the water,
thereby reducing the amount of heat energy available to fuel the
intensity and movement of storms. By cooling selected sections of
water, the frequency, intensity or direction of storms may be
altered. In one embodiment of the invention, a bluff shaped object
is attached to a submarine to facilitate rapid mixing of the upper
and lower layers of the body of water.
Type: Grant
Filed: December 22, 2005
Date of Patent: September 11, 2012
Inventor: Lawrence Sirovich
Protection against natural dangers connected with huge streams
mainly water, mud, locust
Publication number: 20120175427
Abstract: A method and system for protection against natural
temperature-dependent dangerous phenomena connected with huge
streams mainly water, mud, locust. The method allows weakening these
streams and allows protecting against these dangers at least at of
the first two stages of development of said phenomena: forming these
masses and their moving, as far as possible. The method allows
protecting ecology and increasing CO2 absorption. The system allows
also transporting the electrical energy that is received from solar
radiation with help of solar cells flying in stratosphere to
ground-based reception stations.
Type: Application
Filed: January 7, 2011
Publication date: July 12, 2012
Inventors: Boris Feldman, Alexander Feldman, Michael Feldman
METHODS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION WITH CLIMATE CONTROL
MATERIALS AND COVERINGS
Publication number: 20120024971
Abstract: The invention provides and systems, materials, and methods
for environmental modification using climate control materials.
Climate control materials may be applied locally and may have
various material properties that may alter a local albedo and/or
evaporation rate, and thereby affect the local environment. Climate
control materials may also be reversible. The climate control
materials may be deployed in different manners.
Type: Application
Filed: October 9, 2008
Publication date: February 2, 2012
Inventor: Leslie A. Field
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING CYCLONE INTENSITY
Publication number: 20120024972
Abstract: Apparatus for reducing intensity of a cyclone over water.
The apparatus includes a body having buoyancy sufficient to float in
a fluid and a conduit extending from the body into water to an inlet
at a depth where the water has a temperature of at least forty
degrees Fahrenheit below that of water at the surface. The apparatus
includes a pump in fluid communication with the conduit for drawing
water from the depth and a sprayer operatively connected to the pump
for spraying droplets of water drawn from the depth into air above
the water.
Type: Application
Filed: August 2, 2010
Publication date: February 2, 2012
Inventor: Jack Jerome Ellis
Apparatus and method for the mitigation of rotating wind storms
Publication number: 20110284649
Abstract: An apparatus and method for the mitigation of rotating
wind storms. A preferred embodiment creates a rising column of warm
air through the use of a heater combined with a fan or compressor.
The rising column of warm air is created directly in the path of a
naturally occurring rotating wind storm to help alleviate an
atmospheric imbalance and to cool the surface of the Earth and the
surrounding air which effectively robs the oncoming naturally
occurring rotating wind storm of the warm air it needs to build
strength. As a result, there is less energy available to facilitate
the growth and destructive ability of the natural rotating wind
storm where the Earth was cooled by the man-made column of warm air.
Type: Application
Filed: May 10, 2011
Publication date: November 24, 2011
Inventor: Horace Randolph Crawford
Method for Cooling the Troposphere
Publication number: 20110284650
Abstract: Self-initiated cooling of the troposphere occurs by
enriching the same with at least one substance from the group of
inorganic chloride and bromide compounds. The substances used to
this end are characterized by at least one of the properties:
-gaseous, -vaporous below 500° C., -hygroscopic, -hydrolysable. The
formation of the substances used to this end is further
characterized in the process in accordance with the invention by at
least one of the steps: -forming the substance using salt water
electrolysis, -forming the substance outside of combustion
processes, -forming the substance in the free troposphere.
Type: Application
Filed: January 4, 2010
Publication date: November 24, 2011
Inventor: Franz-Dietrich Meyer-Oeste
METHOD AND APPARATUS TO BREAK UP OR ANNIHILATE TYPHOONS,
TORNADOES, CYCLONES OR HURRICANES
Publication number: 20110198407
Abstract: This invention is about an efficient, but simple method
and apparatus designed to break-up/annihilate disastrous natural
phenomena, like typhoons, tornadoes, cyclones or hurricanes in the
forming and deployment stages, on ground or on sea, by using a
controlled implosion principle, which absorbs forced and fast air
and water as displaced by typhoons, tornadoes, cyclones or
hurricanes; the method and apparatus can be employed on sea, on
ground or in the air.
Type: Application
Filed: February 16, 2010
Publication date: August 18, 2011
Inventors: Gheorghe T. Pop, Ioan Carcea, Octavian Ciobanu, Monica
Rostami
APPARATUS AND RELATED METHODS FOR WEATHER MODIFICATION BY
ELECTRICAL PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Publication number: 20110174892
Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for weather
modification. The apparatus comprises an emitter electrode, means
for providing the emitter electrode with an electric charge,
electrically coupled to the emitter electrode, an insulating support
for supporting the emitter electrode at a predetermined height, and
means for earthing the apparatus. The emitter electrode comprises a
Malter film. According to another aspect of the present invention an
apparatus for weather modification is provided, which comprises a
lighter-than-air craft suitable for carrying an emitter electrode,
means for providing the emitter electrode with an electric charge,
electrically coupled to the emitter electrode, and means for
earthing the apparatus. According to still a further aspect of the
present invention, a method of increasing the amount of
precipitation in a target region is provided.
Type: Application
Filed: July 7, 2009
Publication date: July 21, 2011
Applicant: METEO SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL AG
Inventors: Helmut Fluhrer, Elena Davydova, Yuri Saveliev
METHOD OF WEAKENING A HURRICANE
Publication number: 20110168797
Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of weakening
a hurricane. In one aspect of the invention, hurricane development
is weakened by identifying pre-hurricane systems and inducing
rainfall therein. In another aspect of the invention, a hurricane is
weakened by disrupting the inner winds surrounding the hurricane's
eye with a water-absorbent substance such as oatmeal. In another
aspect of the invention, the hurricane is weakened by cooling the
air in front of the hurricane system.
Type: Application
Filed: July 20, 2010
Publication date: July 14, 2011
Inventor: Calvin E. Neymeyer
Co-creative Learning and Research Method and Apparatus
Publication number: 20110127346
Abstract: A method is claimed to provide experiential nonlocal real
time interaction between or among a participant or participants,
observer or observers, participant-observer or
participant-observers, and phenomenon or phenomena by means of
presentation of sensory information or semantic mapping, by direct
observation or using sensory or semantic representation for example
by imaging methods or technology including without limitation, image
projection over a distance, e.g.
Type: Application
Filed: November 27, 2009
Publication date: June 2, 2011
Inventor: Ernst von Bezold
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DYNAMIC VIRTUAL SIPHONS
Publication number: 20110079655
Abstract: A method for producing elongated, rotating, dynamically
controllable, cyclostrophically balanced, fluid virtual siphon
columns, wherein: the term fluids covers any media capable of flow,
including particulates; the fluid/s can be a single medium or a
mixture of materials capable of flow; the fluid/s entrain such flow
in themselves and/or other fluid/s preferably by means of
initialising near axially-fed outwardly spinning, centrifugal,
upward motion with coherent convection, thus creating largely
self-sustaining, rising updraft, rotational, cyclostrophically
balanced fluid virtual siphon columns of considerable length. Such
columns can be made visible by means of condensed water, bubbles,
smoke or particulate matter and may be illuminated for greater
visual effect. Other uses for employing such controllable upwardly
flowing fluid columns are explored.
Type: Application
Filed: May 5, 2009
Publication date: April 7, 2011
Inventor: John McNulty
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LOCAL MODIFICATION OF ATMOSPHERE
Publication number: 20110049257
Abstract: The invention concerns environmentally compatible methods
and apparatuses for local modification of atmosphere, and in
particular, for causing precipitation, dissipating fogs and/or
clouds, removing air-pollutants in a target area. SUBSTANCE: the
method involves applying air ionizers (1a, 1b, 1c) to generate ion
flows into atmosphere to form convective flows and/or spatial
charges. To control characteristics of the ion flow, it is proposed
to use one or multiple air ionizers (1a, 1b, 1c) provided with
variable-inclination electrode working cells. EFFECT: wide
application of an air ionizer (1) with variable layout (inclination
angle) of the electrodes in weather condition modification over a
target area.
Type: Application
Filed: March 20, 2009
Publication date: March 3, 2011
Inventors: Sergey Bologurov, Roman Rodkin
GLOBAL WARMING MITIGATION METHOD
Publication number: 20110036919
Abstract: The present invention provides a method of limiting sea
level rise. In a first step heat that would otherwise cause thermal
expansion of the ocean and resultant sea level rise is extracted to
produce energy. The energy is used to convert a portion of the
liquid ocean water to the gaseous elements hydrogen and oxygen by
the process of electrolysis. The ocean level is reduced by the
volume of water converted to gas. The hydrogen is captured for use
as an energy source and is transported to a desert to be recombined
with resident oxygen to produce energy and water for irrigation.
Type: Application
Filed: July 16, 2010
Publication date: February 17, 2011
Inventor: JAMES RUSSELL BAIRD
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A MASS OF WATER VAPOR, APPARATUS FOR
PRODUCING, MOVING AND CLIMBING A MASS OF WATER VAPOR, AND METHOD OF
CAUSING ARTIFICIAL STIMULATION OF RAIN
Publication number: 20100308124
Abstract: The apparatus for producing a mass of vapor water includes
a water film maker floating on a surface of a water source, the
water film maker 1 absorbing water of the water source by virtue of
capillary mechanism or moisture-holding ability to make a thin water
film on the surface, the thin water film being to be exposed to
sunlight, and a device for preventing a plurality of the water film
makers arranged on the surface, from drifting. Moisture absorbed in
the thin water film is vaporized by sunlight energy to thereby
produce a mass of water vapor in the sky. The mass of water vapor is
heated by an apparatus for heating atmospheric air, including a
plurality of heaters each having a colored surface, to thereby cause
the mass of water vapor to climb with the result of artificial
stimulation of rain.
Type: Application
Filed: March 11, 2009
Publication date: December 9, 2010
Inventor: Hideyo Murakami
Apparatus for lowering water temperature of sea surface
Patent number: 7832657
Abstract: By efficiently lowering a water temperature of a sea
surface to thereby suppress an evaporation of a water vapor from the
sea surface by lowering the water temperature of the sea surface, a
generation of an atmospheric depression is prevented or its strength
is weakened. Further, by suppressing a rise of the sea surface
temperature, a generation of a red tide or a blue tide is prevented
or reduced.
Type: Grant
Filed: February 17, 2006
Date of Patent: November 16, 2010
Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Isekogyo
Inventor: Koichi Kitamura
Method of dangerous phenomena (mainly, hurricane) and global
warning weakening
Publication number: 20100270389
Abstract: The method of gradual weakening of moving hurricane which
prevents to gain in maximum energy and some means useful at
protection against hurricanes and global warming weakening are
offered.
Type: Application
Filed: November 6, 2009
Publication date: October 28, 2010
Inventor: Boris Feldman
Severe storm / hurricane modification method and apparatus
Publication number: 20100264230
Abstract: A method and apparatus for weakening a storm uses liquid
or solid nitrogen. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps
of providing liquid nitrogen enclosed within at least one container,
dropping the container into a storm, and dispersing the liquid
nitrogen from the container starting at the top of the storm,
whereby the nitrogen cools and therefore weakens the storm. In
another embodiment, the method includes the steps of providing solid
nitrogen pieces each sized to melt and evaporate in the time it
takes to fall from the top of a storm along a major portion of the
height of the storm and dropping the solid nitrogen pieces into a
storm, whereby the melting and evaporating nitrogen cools and
therefore weakens the storm.
Type: Application
Filed: April 17, 2009
Publication date: October 21, 2010
Inventor: David B. Romanoff
Method of interrupting a tornado
Patent number: 7810420
Abstract: The method of interrupting a tornado comprises the step of
locating an area of ongoing tornadic activity. Ultra-cold substance
is then released at low altitudes in the area of ongoing tornadic
activity. In preferred embodiments, the ultra-cold substance is
delivered to the area of ongoing tornadic activity by an airplane.
The ultra-cold substance is preferably liquid nitrogen.
Type: Grant
Filed: September 21, 2008
Date of Patent: October 12, 2010
Inventor: Alexandr Konstantinovskiy
Benign global warming solution offers unprecedented economic
prosperity
Publication number: 20100252647
Abstract: The present invention proposes a permanent and prosperous
solution to both human global warming (˜0.26 to 0.74° F.) as well as
natural global warming (˜7 to 9° F.). It simultan-eously employs all
three of the physical laws to thermostatically regulate Earth: Macro
solar energy reflection; sequestration of absorbed solar energy;
and, enhanced infrared radiation from Earth. Temporal and spatial
macro aerosol water evaporation is employed to triple-cool Earth's
surface, by way of: 1. Low-altitude atmospheric and oceanic
vapor-cooling and/or macro storage of artificial snow; 2. Automatic
ascension of lightweight water vapors to high-altitudes for enhanced
water-phase-change infrared radiation from Earth, and; 3. Increased
cloud coverage to reflect more incoming solar energy.
Type: Application
Filed: September 9, 2009
Publication date: October 7, 2010
Inventor: Ronald S. Ace
Method of and a device for the reduction of tropical cyclones
destructive force
Patent number: 7798419
Abstract: A method and device for suppressing the destructive force
of a tropical cyclone, wherein the ascendant speed of wind in the
eyewall of a cyclone is reduced by sea water pumped on-site from
under the sea surface to above the surface, and then dispensed in
the wind at the bottom of the cyclone in/near its eyewall.
Type: Grant
Filed: August 6, 2007
Date of Patent: September 21, 2010
Inventor: Jozef Solc
METHOD FOR REDUCING OR CLAMING HURRICANES AND/OR OTHER STORMS AND
FOR CIRCULATING WATER
Publication number: 20100224694
Abstract: A storm may be calmed by cooling the surface of a body of
non-stagnant water when the storm passes over that body of water.
Optionally, the water may be cooled by circulating the water to
bring cool water up from below the surface to cool the surface
water. Optionally, the wind of the storm may be used to provide
power to drive a pump to circulate the water. Alternatively, a
liquid in a container may be mixed by placing a wind-powered pump in
the container and exposing the pump to wind.
Type: Application
Filed: September 7, 2007
Publication date: September 9, 2010
Inventors: Douglass B. Wright, SR., Douglass B. Wright, JR.
HURRICANE MITIGATION BY COMBINED SEEDING WITH CONDENSATION AND
FREEZING NUCLEI
Publication number: 20100170958
Abstract: The invention provides method for treating a tropical
cyclone, a tropical storm or a tropical depression. The method
includes reducing unloading of cloud parcel water in the tropical
cyclone, tropical storm or tropical depression. In a preferred
embodiment, unloading of cloud parcel water is accomplished by
seeding with cloud condensation nuclei, such as sub-micron ammonium
sulfate particles. The treatment is preferably applied to the lower
parts of peripheral clouds in the tropical cyclone, tropical storm
or tropical depression below the 0 C isotherm level.
Type: Application
Filed: December 11, 2007
Publication date: July 8, 2010
Applicant: Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, Ltd.
Inventors: Daniel Rosenfeld, Alexander Khain, William Woodley
Method of Interrupting a Tornado
Publication number: 20100072296
Abstract: The invention describes and claims a method of
interrupting a tornado. As the first step, an area of ongoing
tornadic activity is located. Ultra-cold substance is then released
at low altitudes in the area of ongoing tornadic activity. In
preferred embodiments, the ultra-cold substance is delivered to the
area of ongoing tornadic activity by an airplane. The ultra-cold
substance is preferably liquid nitrogen. In alternative embodiments,
detonation of explosives may be used in leu of or in conjunction
with the use of the ultra-cold substance to interrupt a tornado.
Type: Application
Filed: September 21, 2008
Publication date: March 25, 2010
Inventor: Alexandr Konstantinovskiy
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROMOTING PRECIPITATION FROM
MOISTURE-BEARING ATMOSPHERIC FORMATIONS
Publication number: 20100001089
Abstract: Methods and systems for promoting precipitation from
moisture-bearing atmospheric formations are described. A composition
comprising a precipitation stimulating material and a volatile
liquid agent is located on an aircraft and subject to one or more
aircraft-generated pressures during aspersion. A first pressure is a
pressure for expelling the composition from the aircraft. A second
pressure results from combination between air and aircraft velocity.
A third pressure is an ascending pressure resulting from expelling
the composition from the aircraft at a lift portion location of the
aircraft where only a lift force is applied to the aircraft during
flight.
Type: Application
Filed: July 1, 2008
Publication date: January 7, 2010
Inventors: Arturo Vazquez Serrano, Enrique Ugalde Guerrero, Domingo
Ferrer Vivo, Ricardo Ramos Zaragoza
Liquid nitrogen enabler
Patent number: 7631506
Abstract: A method and apparatus for using liquid nitrogen to render
crises safe, as in circumstances of hostage crises, entering
Methamphetamine labs, purging the accumulating toxic or flammable
gases, ending the dispersal of substances from aerosols and
capturing the material dispersed by condensing it and sealing it in
containers for disposal, picking up spills by solidifying them or
gelling the material and containing it for disposal—this includes
Mercury spills, sealing and repairing broken pipes and dikes and
dams, enabling a combustion engine to quit running, changing the
conditions in a weather system to counter funnel formation in a
tornado threat, strengthening levee structures by freezing the core
for the length of the levee when severe crises occur, rapid cooling
lava flows to structure the solid lava formation to something useful
in that location, purging the coalmine fire environment of Oxygen to
quell the long-term blaze, and treating industrial stack gas to
useful soot, water and Carbon dioxide componen
Type: Grant
Filed: February 15, 2007
Date of Patent: December 15, 2009
Assignee: AirWars Defence LP
Inventor: Denyse Claire DuBrucq
Method and apparatus for reducing the intensity of hurricanes at
sea by deep-water upwelling
Publication number: 20090272817
Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing the intensity of
hurricanes are described herein. A method may include positioning a
fleet of submersibles in an area of ocean through which at least a
portion of a hurricane's central core will pass within a
predetermined amount of time. The submersibles are maneuvered to a
depth greater than a depth of a thermocline in this area of ocean.
The submersibles maintain their station and depth for a finite
amount of time, during which they may release a gas to form bubble
plumes which rise toward the ocean's surface. The bubble plumes
entrain and upwell cold sub-thermocline water toward the surface of
the ocean to cool the surface of the ocean. The cooled ocean surface
reduces the intensity of the hurricane whose portion of central core
passes through the cooled area.
Type: Application
Filed: November 28, 2001
Publication date: November 5, 2009
Inventors: Ronald D. Blum, Bradley J. Blum, Dwight P. Duston, George
M. Hagerman, JR
Mitigation of rotating wind storms
Publication number: 20090206170
Abstract: A method for mitigating or preventing a major air
disturbance comprising a fluid stream, preferably heated, adjacent
to the earth's surface and orienting it upwardly in the vicinity or
potential vicinity of a major air disturbance in order to in part
move lower level air upwardly to cool the surface of the earth,
including the sea. The displacement of atmospheric air by the
upwardly directed stream diminishes the strength or potential
strength of major air disturbances.
Type: Application
Filed: February 20, 2008
Publication date: August 20, 2009
Inventor: Horace Randolph Crawford
Chimney device and methods of using it to fight global warming,
produce water precipitation and produce electricity
Publication number: 20090152370
Abstract: A method of cooling the Earth atmosphere along with
inducing water precipitation and producing electricity by providing
a super tall chimney 1000 m to 10000 m tall coupled with electric
wind turbines, by allowing warm air to move up to chimney.
Type: Application
Filed: December 15, 2008
Publication date: June 18, 2009
Inventor: Michael Gregory Pesochinsky
Marine water conversion
Patent number: 7536967
Abstract: A marine water conversion apparatus capable of pumping
ocean surface water several hundred feel below the surface to cause
sufficient cooler water to rise to the surface to prevent formation
of or to moderate hurricanes. The apparatus is remotely controlled
and includes a propulsion system for moving it to a new location or
in predetermined patterns through use of a global positioning system
and computerized controls. Power for driving the pumps may be
provided by a wind turbine driven electric generator at the upper
end of an upper tube section pivotally connected to a float tank on
a vertical axis.
Type: Grant
Filed: January 30, 2006
Date of Patent: May 26, 2009
Inventor: Gerald L. Barber
1
https://patents.justia.com/patents-by-us-classification/239/2.1
Of Weather Control Or Modification Patents (Class 239/2.1)
Snowmaking (Class 239/2.2)
How to tame hurricanes and typhoons with available technology
Publication number: 20090008468
Abstract: The hard fact of physics is that water on the surface of
the ocean will not evaporate by significant amounts after being
treated with the introduction of ample amounts of liquid air. If you
can keep a layer of air at less that +30° F. on the surface of the
ocean the existing vapor will condensate before it reaches an
elevation of one foot. This vapor will remain ‘trapped’ there as
long as temperature conditions are maintained and the surrounding
air does not warm significantly. When significant amounts of liquid
air are injected onto the ocean surface the subsequent temperature
of the air will stay between ?330° F. and +30° F. for eight to
twenty hours.
Type: Application
Filed: April 2, 2007
Publication date: January 8, 2009
Inventor: Gordan I. Skukan
FLUID PROPERTY REGULATOR
Publication number: 20080277492
Abstract: A self-sufficient material property profile regulation
method and system, for adjusting fluid property profiles such as in
an ocean of multiple property layers, is described. Using this Fluid
Property Regulator, the property profiles of a non-enclosed
material, including property profiles related to material density,
chemical characteristics and space-time position, are affected due
to motion of the material relative to a body in the flow stream. The
state of other matter with which the initial material then makes
direct or indirect contact is also affected. For example, in the
case of a liquid such as an ocean current, the temperature,
salinity, nutrient content and other properties may be destratified
(i.e. layers being combined) as the system lifts large quantities of
deep water and combines this material with surface water in the
downstream far-field region of the system.
Type: Application
Filed: May 9, 2008
Publication date: November 13, 2008
Inventor: David J. Cannon
High altitude atmospheric alteration system and method
Publication number: 20080257977
Abstract: A system and method is described generally for affecting
atmospheric change. The system and method include providing a high
altitude conduit. The system and method also include providing a
first material through the conduit Further, the system and method
include expelling the first material through at least one conduit
opening into the atmosphere at high altitude.
Type: Application
Filed: April 18, 2007
Publication date: October 23, 2008
Inventors: Alistair K. Chan, Roderick A. Hyde, Nathan P. Myhrvold,
Clarence T. Tegreene, Lowell L. Wood
System for removing energy from tornados and hurricanes
Publication number: 20080024952
Abstract: A system and method for removing energy from tornados and
hurricanes whereby the formation of a tornado is prevented or the
force of the tornado or hurricane is substantially decreased. The
system comprises superconducting donuts not requiring cryogenic
cooling for producing magnetic fields, high permeability posts
mounted on the ground in positions at the center of the donuts for
developing artificial lightning that can be directed toward the
tornado or adjacent clouds to remove energy from the tornado or
hurricane.
Type: Application
Filed: July 13, 2006
Publication date: January 31, 2008
Inventor: Robert W. Beckwith
Method and apparatus for making snow
Patent number: 7290722
Abstract: An elongated pipe conduit snow making tower, and assembly
method, having an upper end spray nozzle head and pivotally
supported on a support pipe for vertical inclination by a hydraulic
ram jack enabling infinite non-preselected incremental inclinations.
A ram safety latch automatically latch/catches the tower pipe if the
jack leaks. Secondary and tertiary external flexible water hoses are
selectable to feed associated spray head snowmaking nozzles, and an
internal compressed air conduit feeds spray head seeding nozzles.
Secondary and tertiary ball valve assemblies mounted on a water feed
block are outlet coupled to their respective hoses. In drain
condition turbulent primary water continually washes against a valve
ball flow closure side for an anti-freezing effect. The spray head
is a four-piece modular planar stack up of disks each carrying spray
nozzles that all discharge forwardly away from the pipe tower in
generally parallel spray patterns.
Type: Grant
Filed: December 15, 2004
Date of Patent: November 6, 2007
Assignee: Snow Machines, Inc.
Inventor: Jeffrey Allen Ewald
Tropical hurricane control system
Publication number: 20070158449
Abstract: The invention turns a hurricane/tropical cyclone into a
tropical rainstorm by spraying a super coolant such as liquid
oxygen, or liquid hydrogen, or liquid nitrogen, or other super cold
liquid gas around the top of the eye wall and additionally if
needed, into the front of the eye wall, or forming eye wall using
aircraft with pre-measured amounts of super coolant. Based on actual
results, a real time computer system will be developed to enable
communications between aircraft and control the amount of super
coolant dispersed. The result of the invention will reduce/eliminate
the damage to life and property due to high winds and storm surge as
well as the staggering costs for rebuilding.
Type: Application
Filed: August 14, 2006
Publication date: July 12, 2007
Inventors: Eugene J. Hoffmann, David E. Lund
Apparatus for disturbing and removing electrons and protons from
the atmosphere
Patent number: 6845919
Abstract: A tower has a concrete base (14) supported within the
Earth and a frame (5) extending vertically from the base into the
atmosphere. A ground conductor (12) runs alongside the frame. A
first ground rod (10) is driven into the Earth and is connected to
the ground conductor to charge the ground conductor electrically
negative. A second ground rod (10) extending vertically above the
frame is connected to the ground conductor to be charged
electrically negative. A positive conductor (21) running alongside
the frame is connected to a positively charged generator (16). A
positive rod (22) extending vertically above the frame is connected
to the positive conductor to be charged electrically positive. The
second ground rod discharges protons from lightning into the Earth
via the ground conductor and the first ground rod, and the positive
rod attracts and discharges electrons remaining its vicinity into
the generator via the positive conductor.
Type: Grant
Filed: November 14, 2000
Date of Patent: January 25, 2005
Assignee: Hogue Family Foundation
Inventor: John Hogue
Method and device for generating a liquid mist
Publication number: 20040074980
Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for
generating a mist for camouflaging ships, vehicles, air vehicles and
stationary objects within infrared and radar wavelengths. It known
to use mist, for instance water mist, to camouflage an object or to
produce a decoy. The object of the invention is to generate mist in
a more efficient way and to design a simpler device than before. The
device according to the invention generates mist (3) by a liquid
(2), for instance water, being injected into a flow of air (1),
which is supplied from an air duct (10), through a nozzle (21)
directed towards the flow of air (1).
Type: Application
Filed: September 23, 2003
Publication date: April 22, 2004
Inventor: Anders Ekelof
Method for influencing atmospheric formations
Publication number: 20040060994
Abstract: Application: in ecology, particularly for reduction of
contamination in the ground level layer of the air by such
substances as sulfur dioxide, ozone and others. The essence of the
invention: the method consists in generation of the impulses of
high-voltage electric field and the flow of negative ions in the
ground level layer of the atmosphere. The generation of the flow of
negative ions is realized continuously during nighttime, for example
from 19 till 7 o'clock of local time.
Type: Application
Filed: September 15, 2003
Publication date: April 1, 2004
Inventors: Sergel Komarov, Mikhal Vasilievich Buckharov, Dmitry
Pestov
Method and apparatus for abating storm strength
Publication number: 20040011881
Abstract: The invention reduces the pressure differential between
the eye and the body of a storm thereby degrading a storm. A
pipeline with sealed ends is placed in a violent storm, with one end
at the high-pressure body and one end at the low-pressure eye.
Controllable valves open the pipeline once the low and high-pressure
ends are above water level. Air from the high-pressure end flows
through the pipeline to reach the eye of the storm thereby
establishing equilibrium. Alternate embodiments decrease pressure
differential by positioning storage tanks of compressed gasses to
inject air or other gas into the eye or low-pressure region of the
storm.
Type: Application
Filed: June 11, 2003
Publication date: January 22, 2004
Inventor: Fernando Morales
Artificial snow producing and releasing apparatus and method
thereof
Patent number: 6575381
Abstract: Primarily crushed flaky or platy pieces of ice are
supplied from a supply port into a rotary blade casing of a high
speed rotary snow producing and throwing apparatus toward a rotor
blade in the shaft direction of a rotating shaft by strong discharge
pressure of a forced blast, crushed into pieces with smaller and
finer particle size through second crushing by the rotor blade
rotating at high speed, and sent out from a delivery port nearly in
the direction of a tangent of the rotational outer periphery of the
rotor blade.
Type: Grant
Filed: February 11, 2000
Date of Patent: June 10, 2003
Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Piste Snow Industries
Inventor: Takamasa Fujiwara
Hurricane and tornado control device
Publication number: 20030085296
Abstract: A method is disclosed for affecting the formation and/or
direction of a low atmospheric weather system. Audio generators are
positioned to project sound waves toward a peripheral area of a
weather system. The sound waves are generated at a frequency to
affect the formation of the weather system in a manner to disrupt,
enhance or direct the formation. The sound waves can also be
projected in a manner to cause the system to produce rain.
Type: Application
Filed: November 2, 2001
Publication date: May 8, 2003
Inventor: Andrew Waxmanski
Influencing weather patterns by way of altering surface or
subsurface ocean water temperatures
Publication number: 20020009338
Abstract: An apparatus and method for altering the temperature of a
surface of a body of water is disclosed. In an embodiment for the
method of the invention, the method includes positioning a conduit
below the surface of the body of water (i.e., underwater)
substantially perpendicular to naturally occurring ocean currents,
dispensing a substance from the conduit, and upwelling water to the
surface. In another embodiment, the method includes positioning an
upwelling system underwater, the upwelling system having a plurality
of valves controllably releasing an upwelling substance, releasing
the upwelling substance from a subset of the plurality of valves to
upwell water to the surface. In an embodiment for the apparatus of
the present invention, the apparatus includes a conduit, disposed
underwater, the conduit releasably containing an upwelling substance
and including an input and a plurality of outputs.
Type: Application
Filed: December 22, 2000
Publication date: January 24, 2002
Inventors: Ronald D. Blum, Dwight P. Duston, Jack Loeb
Method of modifying weather
Patent number: 6315213
Abstract: A method for artificially modifying the weather by seeding
rain clouds of a storm with suitable cross-linked aqueous polymer.
The polymer is dispersed into the cloud and the wind of the storm
agitates the mixture causing the polymer to absorb the rain. This
reaction forms a gelatinous substance which precipitate to the
surface below. Thus, diminishing the clouds ability to rain.
Type: Grant
Filed: June 21, 2000
Date of Patent: November 13, 2001
Inventor: Peter Cordani
Method for cooling golf greens and other vegetation
Patent number: 6223995
Abstract: A device and method for cooling a vegetation covered
surface, such as a golf putting green. Said method includes
providing an air stream, injecting water into said air stream, and
projecting the combined air/water mixture over and onto the surface
to be cooled. The air/water mixture generally takes the form of a
mist which is able to cool the air space directly above the ground
surface, and further provides the advantage of providing cooling and
moisture to the vegetation without saturating the subjacent soil.
Alternately, the device may be used with only the fan portion
operational, or with only the water injection operational.
Type: Grant
Filed: September 22, 1999
Date of Patent: May 1, 2001
Assignee: Snow Machines Incorporated
Inventors: James Evans, Joseph VanderKelen, Jeff Ewald
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